Some other subjects of our study had a significantly higher rate of "hypersensitivity to strong lights or flashes" and "conversions anamnesis" than patients without EEG abnormalities. We have studied PD which shows EEG abnormalities, and found that some of the EEG abnormalities were related to PD. It should be noted that epilepsy is diagnosed operationally, while an EEG check is only supplementary. Feeling of chocking is the only exception. This misdiagnosis risk could be attributed to the fact that of the 13 symptoms in the diagnosis criteria of panic attack in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)-IV, 12 symptoms are also observed in partial epilepsy. There are a few case studies in which patients who had been initially diagnosed with panic disorder later proved to have been suffering from epilepsy. The risk of diagnosing panic disorder as epilepsy has been pointed out by some specialists. ![]() We carried out this study to investigate how the EEG abnormalities of PD patients are related to the clinical features and pathology of these patients. Since the 1980s, a high EEG abnormality (15-30%) has been reported for patients with PD. The above suggest that both genetic disposition and environmental factors are related to panic disorder. However, many studies report concordance in identical twins to be 50% or less. įurthermore, according to genetic studies, the hereditability of panic disorder is in the range of 35-40% with concordance in identical twins being higher than that in fraternal twins. Recent studies on PD in brain science suggest that some pathologic brain conditions such as lesions in the amygdala and hippocampus are deeply related to the disorder and other reports hold the coincident view that blood flow decrease in the prefrontal cortex is involved. ![]() However, PD has another aspect that has been understood as a brain problem rather than a mental problem because it is induced when the sodium lactate level increases. In panic disorder, anticipatory anxiety and agoraphobia continue even between panic attacks and patients can be operationally diagnosed as having panic disorder from clinical symptoms. The initial manifestation age of panic disorder is in one's twenties and the risk in women is twice as high as in men. In Japan, Kaiya reported that out of 4,000 subjects investigated, the prevalence among subjects whose response met the criteria for PA was 6.6% while the prevalence among those whose response met the criteria for PD was 5.0%. According to National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) data, the life prevalence of PD in the United States is 3.5% while the life prevalence of panic attack (PA) is 7.3%. The lifetime prevalence of PD is 0.4% in Taiwan. It is also reported that 28% of PD patients consult emergency rooms (ER). Katon and colleagues reconfirmed that 6.7% of primary care patients meet the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder (PD). Recently, panic disorder causing panic attacks characterized by symptoms including unexpected palpitation, dyspnea, dizziness, and paresthesias has increasingly been consulted in various kinds of clinics and hospitals. The study indicated that physiological predispositions are closely related to panic attacks. The factors identified as being related to EEG abnormalities are nausea or abdominal distress, derealization or depersonalization, and paresthesias. Among these 17 cases, "repeated slow waves in the θ-band" was the most common abnormality. Of the 70 patients studied, 17 had EEG abnormalities. (2)Nausea or abdominal distress (37.7% vs 82.45%, OR-12.5), derealization or depersonalization (7.5% vs 47.1%, OR = 13.9,) and paresthesias (43.4% vs 64.7%, OR = 7.9,) were extracted by multivariate analysis as factors related to EEG abnormalities. Paroxysmal abnormality interpreted as epileptiform was found in only two cases. ![]() (1)EEG findings for panic disorder patients with EEG abnormalities: Of the 17 patients, 13 had repeated slow waves in the θ-band the most prevalent EEG abnormality found in this study. ![]() Logistic regression analysis was performed with EEG findings as dependent variables and age, sex and with or without the 13 symptoms as independent variables. Subjects were 70 patients diagnosed with panic disorder. In this study we investigated whether or not EEG abnormalities are related to the 13 symptoms in the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of panic attacks. However, how the EEG abnormalities of panic disorder patients are related to the clinical features and pathology of these patients has yet to be clarified. Since the 1980s, a high EEG abnormality rate has been reported for patients with panic disorder.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |